That’s what authentication is. You’re thinking authorization.

Probably, in the US the laws vary by state though

Where is that?

+1 hosting email sucks.

Just to cover the obvious:

1. Double check the cable is plugged in
2. Double check that you have a green light on the NIC

It has to be in the same subnet as your router.

Let’s Encrypt is just as secure as paid certs. They’re held to the same security standard.

Doesn’t it do dx12 translation?

Yes, they are.

I believe this replaces esync and fsync. IIRC it’s slightly faster and has the benefit of being mainlined.

I also just learned this and I work in tech.

I promise you full size ovens can have exposed heat elements.

Ceph is a huge amount of overhead, both engineering and compute resources, for this usecase.

Sometimes I think this community should be called homelab instead of selfhosted based on the kinds of questions

What’s the cost and impact of downtime for you? If you’re doing this for personal use it’s probably minimal for both so doesn’t really matter. If you want to try the new thing and you’re not afraid of the time investment or potential downtime then go for it

Fair enough. Personally I’d start with their documentation then: https://docs.openstack.org/install-guide/

For OS it looks like they support RHEL/CentOS, Ubuntu, Debian, and SUSE so I’d stick with one of those.

Openstack is like self-hosting your own cloud provider. My 2 cents is that it’s probably way overkill for personal use. You’d probably be interested in it if you had a lot of physical servers you wanted to present as a single pooled resource for utilization.

How does one install it?

From what I heard from a former coworker - with great difficulty.

What is the difference between a hypervisor/openstack/a container service (podman,docker)?

A hypervisor runs virtual machines. A container service runs containers which are like virtual machines that share the host’s kernel (more to it than that but that’s the simplest explanation). Openstack is a large ecosystem of pieces of software that runs the aforementioned components and coordinates it between a horizontally scaling number of physical servers. Here’s a chart showing all the potential components: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a5/Openstack-map-v20221001.jpg

If you’re asking what the difference between a container service and a hypervisor are then I’d really recommend against pursuing this until you get more experience.

Neat

How is this different from Fail2Ban?

Typically there’s a period of responsible disclosure to give the software maintainer an opportunity to fix it before it’s widely announced. After that period is up or the fix has been released the vulnerability discoverer is able to announce it and take credit for finding it.